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Objective To analyze the screening results of spinal problems in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years and the influencing factors of scoliosis to provide reference for the prevention of spinal problems in children and adolescents. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to screen the prevalence of scoliosis among kindergarten to senior high school students in Shiyan city, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among subjects or parents. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the occurrence of scoliosis. Results A total of 1 674 children and adolescents were investigated, and 113 cases of scoliosis were detected, with a detection rate of 6.75%. The probability of scoliosis was 1.92% (13/678), 5.35% (28/523) and 17.76% (72/473) in elementary school, junior high school and senior high school students, respectively. The detection rate of scoliosis gradually increased with the increase of education level (χ2 for trend = 5.272, P 12 h (63.72%), daily electronic product use time > 2 h (67.26%), high physical activity > 1 time/d (42.48%) in the past 7 d, and daily outdoor activity time ≤ 2 h (62.83%) were higher than those in the group without scoliosis (P 12 hours (OR=3.258 , 95% CI: 2.562-11.247), daily electronic product use time>2 hours (OR=2.619, 95% CI: 1.935-5.508) , Heavy physical activity in the past 7 days (OR=1.724, 95% CI: 1.347-2.966) , Daily outdoor activity ≤2 h（OR=1.830，95% CI: 1.463-3.103）is a risk factor for scoliosis in children and adolescents (P<0.05). Conclusions The occurrence of scoliosis in children and adolescents is related to gender, nutritional status, and learning habits, and it is necessary to strengthen the screening of high-risk groups in order to reduce the occurrence of scoliosis.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical features and variants of ABCD1 gene in a Chinese pedigree affected with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of the proband were collected and analyzed. Potential variant of the ABCD1 gene were analyzed by PCR and Sanger sequencing of the proband, his parents and 100 unrelated healthy individuals.@*RESULTS@#The prominent features of the proband included cerebellar and brainstem lesions, along with increased serum level of very-long chain fatty acids. He was found to harbor a hemizygous c.1509delG (p.L504Sfs*54) variant of the ABCD1 gene, for which his mother was heterozygous. The same variant was not detected in his father and 100 healthy controls.@*CONCLUSION@#X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy has a variety of clinical manifestations. Discovery of the c.1509delG (p.L504Sfs*54), as a novel pathogenic variant of the ABCD1 gene, has enabled diagnosis and genetic counseling for this pedigree.
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Female , Humans , Male , Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics , Asian People/genetics , China , Genetic Testing , Mutation , PedigreeABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of pelvic sacral tendon regulating acupuncture combined with myofascial manipulation in the treatment of postpartum pelvic pain.Methods:A total of 86 patients with postpartum pelvic pain in our hospital from December 2019 to October 2021 who met the inclusion criteria were divided into control group ( n=44) and observation group ( n=42) by random number table method. The control group was treated with myofascial manipulation, while the observation group was treated with pelvic sacral tendon acupuncture on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The VAS was used to evaluate the degree of pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to evaluate the degree of lumbar dysfunction, pelvic floor dysfunction Questionnaire 7 (PFIQ-7) to evaluate the pelvic floor function, and pelvic floor dysfunction Questionnaire (PFDI20) to evaluate the quality of life. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results:The total effective rate was 95.24% (40/42) in the observation group and 79.55% (35/44) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.74, P=0.030). After treatment, the ODI, VAS, PFIQ-7 and PFIQ-20 scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=13.79, 14.05, 10.61, 10.10, all Ps<0.001). The scores of low back pain, limb pain and gait claudication were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=11.73, 12.16 and 10.89, respectively, all Ps<0.001). The serum levels of TGF-β1 [(163.81±28.05) μg/L vs. (124.56±19.23) μg/L, t=5.76] and IGF-1 [(64.52±9.14) μg/L vs. (49.86±7.62) μg/L, t=5.06] were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The pelvic sacral tendon acupuncture combined with myofascial manipulation can improve the pelvic function of patients with postpartum pelvic pain, relieve the degree of pelvic pain, and improve the curative effect.
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Objective To investigate the changes of extracellular regulated protein kinases (Erk)1/2,phospho-Erk1/2,matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in rats with experimental chronic fluorosis and the role of chondroitin sulfate in treatment of rat with experimental chronic fluorosis.Methods Using a group design and cell culture methods,the SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (culture medium with 0.0 mmol/L fluoride ion),fluoride group (fluoride ion:4.0 mmol/L) and chondroitin sulfate group (fluoride ion:4.0 mmol/L,chondroitin sulfate:0.4 g/L).The ultrastructural changes of the SH-SY5Y cells were observed through electron microscope after 24 h treatment.The SH-SY5Y cells were cultured for 72 h,the number of cells survived in three groups.were detected after stained by trypan blue.Fifteen clean grade SD rats with body weight of 100-120 g were divided into control group (tap water:fluorine content less than 0.5 mg/L),fluoride group (fluoride ion:10.0 mg/L) and chondroitin sulfate group (fluoride ion:10.0 mg/L,the rats were performed intraperitoneal injection with 0.66 mg/kg chondroitin sulfate for 5 days after intaking fluoride for 90 days) on the basis of random number table.Five rats were in each group,and the experiment was carried out for 95 days.The capability of learning and memory of rats were tested by Morris water maze test;the expression of phospho-Erk1/2,Erk1/2,MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein in brain tissue was detected by Western blotting;the expression of phospho-Erk1/2,MMP-2 and MMP-9 in hippocampus CA2 area of brain was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results More vesicles and swelling of mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum were observed in SH-SY5Y cell treated with fluoride through electron microscope,but relatively less in chondroitin sulfate group.Survival rate and amount of SH-SY5Y treated with chondroitin sulfate [(92 ± 23)％ and (7.83 ± 1.38) × 106/ml] were significantly higher than that of fluoride group [(55 ± 2)％,(2.19 ± 1.26) × 106/ml,P ＜ 0.05].Animal experiment results showed that most rats in control group and chondroitin sulfate group used spatial direct search strategy,and the amount of this search strategy (2.20 ± 1.09,3.40 ± 1.34) was more than that in fluoride group (0.40 ± 0.54,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of phospho-Erk1/2 in brain tissue of rats in fluoride group (3.26 ± 0.88) was significantly higher than that in control group (1.53 ± 0.28) and chondroitin sulfate group (2.36 ± 0.87,P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry results showed that average gray value of phospho-Erk1/2 in chondroitin sulfate group (220.20 ± 3.09) was significantly higher than that of the control group and the fluoride group (100.00 ± 0.00,130.98 ± 1.27,P ＜ 0.05).The average gray value of MMP-2 in the fluoride group (294.52 ± 5.18) was significantly higher than that in control group and chondroitin sulfate group (100.00 ± 0.00,117.95 ± 1.55,P ＜ 0.05).The average gray value of MMP-9 protein of the fluoride group (993.64 ± 3.66) and the chondroitin sulfate group (1 167.30 ± 239) was significantly higher than that of control group (100.00 ± 0.00,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Erk1/2 pathway possibly maintains the stability of cell survival by regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.Chondroitin sulfate can protective nerve cells and reduce the nervous damage caused by fluorosis to some certain extent.
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Objective To investigate the influence of chronic fluorosis on protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ)/p66shc signal pathway in the brain of rats,and reveal the molecular mechanism of brain damage.Methods According to body weight by the random number table method thirty SD rats were divided into three groups of 10 each (half females and half males),the normal control group [less than 0.5 mg/L of fluorine (prepared with NaF) in drinking water],low fluoride exposure group (10.0 mg/L fluorine),and high fluoride exposure group (50.0 mg/L fluoride).The experiment period was 6 months.The protein level of PKCβ,p66shc,phospho-p66shc and preserved ammonia acyl isomerase (Pin1) in rat brain was detected by Western blotting.The level of neuron nuclear antigen (NeuN),p66shc and phospho-p66sh in brain of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results By Western blotting,the levels of PKCβ,Pin1 and phospho-p66shc protein in brain tissue in high fluoride exposure group [(193.00 ± 57.53)％,(228.21 ± 71.14)％,(201.54 ±:50.86)％] were higher than those of the normal control groups [(100.00 ± 21.24)％,(100.00 ± 40.55)％,(100.00 ± 13.35)％,all P ＜ 0.05].By immunohistochemistry,the numbers of NeuN staining in brain tissue of the rats in both high and low fluoride exposure groups [(49.50 ± 12.57)％,(65.66 ±14.58)％] were lower than that of the control group [(100.00 ± 18.32)％,all P ＜ 0.01].The level of phospho-p66shc protein in brain tissue in high fluoride exposure group [(242.66 ± 93.01)％] was higher than those of the low fluoride exposure and the normal control groups [(152.53 ± 60.65)％,(100.00 ± 25.63)％,all P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion Chronic fluorosis has increased the expressions of PKCβ,Pin1 and phospho-p66shc at protein level in brain of rats,which may be related to the molecular mechanism of brain damage resulted from chronic fluorosis.
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Objective Through observation of the expression and activity of extracellular regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) and its relationship with the learning and memory ability in rats with chronic fluorosis,to further study the pathogenesis of chronic fluorosis in nervous system.Methods Thirty SD rats were divided into 3 groups according to body weight by means of a random number table (10 rats in each group,half male and half female).The rats in control group were fed with free drinking tap water containing less than 0.5 mg/L fluoride (NaF);the rats in low fluoride group with 10.0 mg/L fluoride;the rat in high dose fluoride group with 50.0 mg/L fluoride.After 6months of experiment,rat brain tissue was took,mRNA expression level of ERK5 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (real-time PCR),protein expression level and activity of ERK5 were detected by Western blotting;the learning and memory ability of rats with chronic fluorosis were detected by Morris water maze test.Results The rat in groups exposed to fluoride exhibited different degrees of dental fluorosis and the fluoride content in urine of rats increased gradually with increase of fluoride doses (F =164.10,P ＜ 0.05).The protein levels of phosphor-ERK5 in the control group,low fluoride group and high fluoride group were 0.13 ± 0.03,0.29 ± 0.10and 0.43 ±0.17,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (F=11.96,P＜ 0.05),and low fluoride group and high fluoride group were higher than control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The total protein levels of ERK5 in control group,low fluoride group and high fluoride group were 0.32 ± 0.11,0.37 ± 0.13 and 0.49 ± 0.16,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (F =3.45,P ＜ 0.05),and high fluoride group was higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of ERK5 mRNA in rat brains between groups was not significantly different (F =0.81,P ＞ 0.05).The second,third,and forth days of directional navigation experiment,the time of escape latency and the number of crossing the platform between groups were statistically significant (H =28.20,29.90,26.47,27.23,35.34,27.62,all P ＜ 0.01);the fifth day of space exploration experiment,the difference of the time of the first crossing platform and the number of crossing the platform between groups were statistically significant (H =31.41,30.80,all P ＜ 0.01);the protein level of phosphor-ERK5 in brain tissue of rats was negatively correlated with the number of the first crossing platform (r =-0.470,P ＜ 0.01),while positively related to escape latencies at the fifth day of the test (r =0.591,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The changes of ERK5 signaling pathway in rat brain tissue caused by chronic fluorosis are found,which are related to the decrease of leaming and memory ability of animals with chronic fluorosis.